Character count vs word count
A word count answers "how long is this piece?" A character count answers "will this fit?" Use words for essays, articles, and long-form writing. Use characters for anything where a platform has a hard stop.
For most social platforms and SEO tags, characters are what actually break your copy. A meta title that reads perfectly in a doc can still get cut off in search if you don't check the pixel width, which characters roughly proxy for.